2015职称英语考试《综合类》概括大意考前必做试题

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　　Some people seem to have a knack for learning languages. They can pick up new vocabulary， master rules or grammar， and learn to write in the new language more quickly than others. They do not seem to be any more intelligent than others， so what makes language learning so much easier for them? Perhaps if we take a close look at these successful language learners， we may discover a few of the techniques which make language learning easier for them.
　　First of all， successful language learners are independent learners. They do not depend on the book or the teacher; they discover their own way to learn the language. Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain， they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions. When they guess wrong， they guess again. They try to learn from mistakes.
　　Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore， successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language; they look for such a chance. They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake. They will try anything to communicate. They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things; they are willing to make mistakes and try again. When communication is difficult， they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete. It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.
　　Finally， successful language learners are learners with a purpose. They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it. It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them. They find it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with it.
　　What kind of language learner are you? If you are a successful language learner， you have probably been learning independently， actively， and purposefully. On the other hand， if your language learning has been less than successful， you might as well try some of the techniques outlined above.
　　1. Paragraph 1__________
　　2. Paragraph 2__________
　　3. Paragraph 3__________
　　4. Paragraph 4__________
　　A. Ways to Learn a Language Successfully
　　B. Learning a language Purposefully
　　C. Learning a Language Actively
　　D. Learning a Language Independently
　　E. Learning from Mistakes
　　F. Learning to Think in the Target Language
　　5. Successful language learners derive conclusions___________
　　6. Independent Language learners rely on themselves___________
　　7. Active language learners seize every opportunity______________
　　8. The author wrote this text_________________
　　A. to discover sentence patterns and grammatical rules
　　B. to expand vocabulary
　　C. to use the target language
　　D. to encourage unsuccessful language learners to learn independently， actively and purposefully
　　E. from clues
　　F. to say strange things
　　答案：ADCBEACD
　　Amongst the most popular books being written today are those which are usually classified as science fiction. Hundreds of titles are published every year and are read by all kinds of people. Furthermore， some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories.
　　It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature， but its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago. These books were often concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society， a theme which is still often found in modern stories.
　　Most of the classics of science fiction， however， have been written within the last hundred years. Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H.G. Wells， to mention just two well-known authors， have been translated into many languages.
　　Modern science fiction writers don t write about men from Mars or space adventure stories. They are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on society and the human mind; or in imagining future worlds which are a reflection of the world which we live in now. Because of this their writing has obvious political undertones.
　　In an age where science fact frequently overtakes science fiction， the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances. Those who are sufficiently clear-sighted to see the way we are going， however， may provide a valuable lesson on how to deal with the problems which society will inevitably face as it tries to master its new technology.
　　1. Paragraph 1____________
　　2. Paragraph 2____________
　　3. Paragraph 3____________
　　4. Paragraph 4____________
　　A. Popularity of Science Fiction
　　B. A Fairly New Development
　　C. Classics of Science Fiction
　　D. Difficulty in Keeping ahead of Scientific Adventure
　　E. Its Origin
　　F. Themes of Modern Science Fiction
　　5. Some form of ideal society is __________
　　6.Books written by J. Verne are___________
　　7.People enjoy________________________
　　8.Works of modern science fiction have___________
　　A) a recurrent theme
　　B) concerned with the problems that we have to solve in the future
　　C) reading books of science fiction
　　D) political implications
　　E) a current theme
　　F) read worldwide
　　答案：AECFAFCD
　　In 1858 Americans welcomed Alaska into the Union as the 49th state， symbolizing a change of attitude that hold in 1867， when the peninsula was purchased from Russia. Then， most Americans had little interest in 1，500，000 square kilometers “of icebergs and polar bear”-beyond Canada s western borders， far from the settled areas of the United States.
　　In those sections of the state which lie above the Arctic Circle， Alaska still is a land of icebergs and polar bear. Ice buried in the earth， which is permanently frozen to a depth of 90 or more meters， From early May until early August， the midnight sun never sets on this flat， treeless region， but the sun cannot melt the icy soil more than two-thirds of a meter down.
　　Alaska is America s largest state， but only about 325，000 people live there. According to estimates， 800，000 hectares of its land area are fit for plowing but only about 640，000 hectares are being cultivated.
　　Arctic Alaska has been the home of Eskimos for countless centuries. It is believed that the Eskimos moved there from Mongolia or Siberia， probably crossing Bering Strait， named for Vitus Bering， the Danish sea captain who discovered Alaska on his voyage for Russia in 1741. The Eskimos are the state s earliest known inhabitants. Russian fur traders established settlements but， by the time Alaska was sold to the United States， most of the traders had departed.
　　In 1896 gold was discovered near the Klondike River in Canada just across the Alaskan border. Thousand of Americans rushed to the region on their way to Klondike; some never returned. Alaska was never completely cut off again， although even today transportation is a major problem. There are only two motor routes from the U.S mainland， and within the state， every town has its own airfield. Planes fly passengers， mail and freight to the most distant villages.
　　The gold that changed life so suddenly for Alaska was soon ended， and although many stories about
　　mining camps have become part of American literature， the gold from Alaskan earth contributed less to economic progress than the fish from Alaska waters. The fish caught in a single year range in value from $80 million to $ 90 million. Fur-bearing animals are plentiful in the forests and streams， and valuable fur seals inhabit the waters. After fishing， the state s chief industry is lumber and the production of wood pulp. In recent years， Alaska s single most important resource has become oil. The state also has large deposits of coal， copper， gold and other minerals.
　　1. Paragraph 3________
　　2. Paragraph 4_________
　　3. Paragraph 5_________
　　4. Paragraph 6_________
　　A) Rich resources of the state
　　B) Connections with the outside world
　　C) Transportation problem
　　D) The natives of the land
　　E) Cold climate
　　F) Land and population
　　5. For as long as three months of a year， the sun ________ on the ice-covered land of Alaska.
　　6. According to statistics， _________ of the total area of Alaska has been used for farming.
　　7. Alaska was originally part of Russia， but was bought _______.
　　8. Gold did not bring to Alaska as much wealth__________
　　A. as fish does
　　B. because of its rich natural resources
　　C. by the United States in the 19th century
　　D. shines day and night
　　E. only a very small percentage
　　F. a limited amount of the gold found there.
　　答案：FDCADECA
　　Some people seem to have a knack for learning languages. They can pick up new vocabulary， master rules or grammar， and learn to write in the new language more quickly than others. They do not seem to be any more intelligent than others， so what makes language learning so much easier for them? Perhaps if we take a close look at these successful language learners， we may discover a few of the techniques which make language learning easier for them.
　　First of all， successful language learners are independent learners. They do not depend on the book or the teacher; they discover their own way to learn the language. Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain， they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions. When they guess wrong， they guess again. They try to learn from mistakes.
　　Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore， successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language; they look for such a chance. They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake. They will try anything to communicate. They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things; they are willing to make mistakes and try again. When communication is difficult， they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete. It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.
　　Finally， successful language learners are learners with a purpose. They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it. It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them. They find it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with it.
　　What kind of language learner are you? If you are a successful language learner， you have probably been learning independently， actively， and purposefully. On the other hand， if your language learning has been less than successful， you might as well try some of the techniques outlined above.
　　1. Paragraph 1__________
　　2. Paragraph 2__________
　　3. Paragraph 3__________
　　4. Paragraph 4__________
　　A. Ways to Learn a Language Successfully
　　B. Learning a language Purposefully
　　C. Learning a Language Actively
　　D. Learning a Language Independently
　　E. Learning from Mistakes
　　F. Learning to Think in the Target Language
　　5. Successful language learners derive conclusions___________
　　6. Independent Language learners rely on themselves___________
　　7. Active language learners seize every opportunity______________
　　8. The author wrote this text_________________
　　A. to discover sentence patterns and grammatical rules
　　B. to expand vocabulary
　　C. to use the target language
　　D. to encourage unsuccessful language learners to learn independently， actively and purposefully
　　E. from clues
　　F. to say strange things
　　答案：ADCBEACD
　　Amongst the most popular books being written today are those which are usually classified as science fiction. Hundreds of titles are published every year and are read by all kinds of people. Furthermore， some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories.
　　It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature， but its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago. These books were often concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society， a theme which is still often found in modern stories.
　　Most of the classics of science fiction， however， have been written within the last hundred years. Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H.G. Wells， to mention just two well-known authors， have been translated into many languages.
　　Modern science fiction writers don t write about men from Mars or space adventure stories. They are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on society and the human mind; or in imagining future worlds which are a reflection of the world which we live in now. Because of this their writing has obvious political undertones.
　　In an age where science fact frequently overtakes science fiction， the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances. Those who are sufficiently clear-sighted to see the way we are going， however， may provide a valuable lesson on how to deal with the problems which society will inevitably face as it tries to master its new technology.
　　1. Paragraph 1____________
　　2. Paragraph 2____________
　　3. Paragraph 3____________
　　4. Paragraph 4____________
　　A. Popularity of Science Fiction
　　B. A Fairly New Development
　　C. Classics of Science Fiction
　　D. Difficulty in Keeping ahead of Scientific Adventure
　　E. Its Origin
　　F. Themes of Modern Science Fiction
　　5. Some form of ideal society is __________
　　6.Books written by J. Verne are___________
　　7.People enjoy________________________
　　8.Works of modern science fiction have___________
　　A) a recurrent theme
　　B) concerned with the pr
　　oblems that we have to solve in the future
　　C) reading books of science fiction
　　D) political implications
　　E) a current theme
　　F) read worldwide
　　答案：AECFAFCD