英语四级考前语法精讲

清枫月

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语态

1、可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:

·He was said to be jealous of her success.  

It wassaid that he was jealous of her success.

·能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”，“相信”等意义的动词，常见的有：assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等。

·It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.   The ship is supposed to have been sunk.

2、担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义。

·Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed toknow the speed limit. (你应该晓得速度限制)

3、双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态

1）双宾语结构的被动语态:双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语。

·He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.

Twodays were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.

2）  宾补结构的被动语态:

·She was called Big Sister by everybody.

4、短语动词

1）Vi.+ adv.：The plane took off two hours late.

2）Vi.+ prep.：They looked round the Cathedral.

3）Vi.+ prep. (有被动语态)：She’slooking after her sister’s children.

4）Vi.+ adv. + prep.：I beganto look forward to their visits.

5）Vt.+ O + adv.：Somewomen choose to stay at home and bring up their children.

Thechildren were brought up by their mother.

6）  Vt.+ adv. + O (无被动语态)：Iam trying to give up smoking.

7）Vt.+ O + prep.：Wetalked Donald into agreement.