2016年职称英语等级考试教材_理工类新增文章 ：阿普加测试

清枫月

The Apgar Test

The baby was born at 3:36 p. m. At 3:37, she scored 4 out of 10 on her first test. At 3:41, she scored 8 out of 10. The doctor was glad.
Another baby, born at 8:24 p. m., scored 3 out of 10 on his first test. He scored 4 out of 10 on his second test. He took another test at 8:34 and scored 5. ___1___ He called for help1.
These newborn babies took a test called the Apgar test. This test helps doctors diagnose problems. ___2___ Most babies take two tests. The first is at 1 minute after birth, and the second is at 5 minutes after birth. If a baby’s score at 5 minutes is less than 6, the baby takes another test at 10 minutes after birth.
The Apgar test is not an intelligence test. It’s a test that shows a baby’s health right after it is born. The Apgar test measures things such as a baby’s color, heart rate, and breathing. The test has five parts, and the score for each part can be 0, 1, or 2. ___3___
A doctor named Virginia Apgar developed the test. Apgar went to medical school at Columbia University in New York City in 1929. She faced many challenges because she was the first woman in the program. However, she was one of the best students in her class. After medical school, she started treating patients2.
Apgar also became a researcher in anesthesiology, a new topic in medicine at the time3. During her studies, she learned how to give patients anesthesia. ___4___
In the 1940s, many women started to have anesthesia when they gave birth. Apgar had a question: How does anesthesia affect newborn babies? In 1949, when Apgar was a professor at Columbia’s medical school, she created her simple test. She wrote a paper about her methods in 1953. Soon after, people started using the Apgar test around the world.
In her work, Apgar saw that many newborns had problems. She wanted to help these babies survive. She stopped practicing medicine in 1959, and she went back to school to get a master’s degree in public health. ___5___
Today, the Apgar test is still used all over the world. Newborn babies don’t know it, but Virginia Apgar is a very important person in the first few minutes of their lives.


词汇：
diagnose /'daiəgnəuz/ vt. & vi. 诊断（疾病）
anesthesiology /,ænis,θizi’ɔlədʒi/ n. 麻醉学
anesthesia /,ænis'θiziə/ n. 麻醉


注释：
1.    called for help：需要帮助，求救。call for：需要，要求，提倡；来找（某人），来取（某物）。
2.    she started treating patients：她开始治疗病人。treat sb.有三种意思，分别是“对待某人”“治疗某人”和“款待某人”。treat作“治疗”讲，是普通用语的治疗，意义广泛，cure多用于疾病方面，heal多用于创伤或外伤方面。
3.    at the time：当时，在那时。同义短语有at that point, at that time, on the occasion。


练习：
A    Doctors add the scores together for the total Apgar score.
B    She spent the rest of her life doing research and raising money to help newborn babies.
C    A score of 10 is uncommon.
D    The doctor was worried.
E    They decide if a baby is normal or needs special care.
F    Anesthesia is a procedure that makes patients lose consciousness, so they do not feel any pain during surgery.


答案与题解：
1.    D  由第二段的前半部分可知这个婴儿三次健康测试的分数都不理想，而且最后一句提到他需要救助，说明他的情况不容乐观，所以医生应该担心。因此，答案为D。
2.    E  第三段中第二句话提到这项测试帮助医生诊断新生儿的问题，即医生可以根据测试结果判断新生儿的健康状况。因此，答案为E。
3.    A  顺承本段倒数第二句的句意可知选项A和选项C都可以，但选项C说10分的成绩不常见，这一点由全文其他地方推断不出来。因此，答案为A。
4.    F  本段第二句话最后提到阿普加学习给病人实施麻醉，而选项F讲的是麻醉是什么，正好与本段第二句话句意吻合。因此,答案为F。
5.    B  本段主要讲的是阿普加帮助新生儿的愿望以及她为此所做的努力，纵观六个选项符合段意的只有选项B。因此，答案为B。