大学英语六级仔细阅读指导练习题

清枫月

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.　　Caught in a squeeze between the health needs of aging populations on one hand and the financial crisis on the other, governments everywhere are looking for ways to slow the growth in health-care spending. Increasingly, they are looking to the generic-drugs (普通药物) industry as a savior. In November Japan's finance ministry issued a report complaining that the country's use of generics was less than a third of that in America or Britain. In the same month Canada's competition watchdog criticized the country's pharmacies for failing to pass on the savings made possible by the use of generic drugs. That greed, it reckoned, costs taxpayers nearly C$1 billion a year.
　　Then on November 28th the European Commission issued the preliminary results of its year-long probe into drug giants in the European Union. The report reached a damning~, though provisional, conclusion: the drugs firms use a variety of unfair strategies to protect their expensive drugs by delaying the entry of cheaper generic opponents. Though this initial report does not carry the force of law (a final report is due early next year), it has caused much controversy. Neelie Kroes, the EU's competition commissioner, says she is ready to take legal action if the evidence allows.
　　One strategy the investigators criticize is the use of the "patent duster( 专利群)". A firm keen to defend its drug due to go off-patent may file dozens or hundreds of new patents, often of dubious merit, to confuse and terrify potential copycats and maintain its monopoly. An unnamed drugs firm once took out 1,300 patents across the EU on a single drug. The report also suggests that out-of-court settlements between makers of patented drags and generics firms may be a strategy used by the former to delay market entry by the latter.
　　According to EU officials, such misdeeds -have delayed the arrival of generic competition and the accompanying savings. On average, rite report estimates, generics arrived seven months after a patented drug lost its protection, though where the drug was a big seller the lag was four months. The report says taxpayers paid about q 3 billion more than they would have-had the generics gone on sale immediately.
　　But hang on a minute, Though many of the charges of bad behavior leveled at the patented-drugs industry by EU investigators may well be true, the report seems to let the generics industry off the hook(钩子) too lightly. After all, if the drugs giants stand accused, in effect, of bribing opponents to delay the launch of cheap generics, shouldn't the companies that accepted those "bribes" also share the blame?
　　56. Why are governments around the world seeking ways to reduce their health-care spending?
　　A) They consider the generic-drugs industry as a savior.
　　B) They are under the double pressure of aging group and financial crisis.
　　C) Health-care spending has accounted too large proportion.
　　D) Health-care spending has cost taxpayers too much income.
　　57. What can we learn from the report issued by the European Commission?
　　A) Drug firm will use just ways to protect their drags.
　　B) Cheaper generic drugs are easy to enter market,
　　C) The report has come to an ultimate conclusion.
　　D) The final report may lead to commissioner's legal action.
　　58. The investigators seriously condemned the drug firms for__________.
　　A) they do not let their opponents to resort to the comet
　　B) they use clusters of patents to protect their products
　　C) they bribe the cheaper generic opponents
　　D) trey do not pass on the savings made by use of generic drugs
　　59. On average, the genetics will be delayed to enter the market by __________.
　　A) seven months
　　B) three months
　　C) four months
　　D) eleven months
　　60. Which of the following accords with the author's view?
　　A) Charges on patented-drug industry are anything but true.
　　B) Generics industry is a sheer victim in the competition.
　　C) Only drug giants are to blame.
　　D) Exclusion of generics industry from taking responsibility is questionable.
　　答案：
　　56.B)。定位 由题干中的governments及seeking ways to reduce the health-care spending定位到文章第一段第一句：Caught in a squeeze between the health needs of aging populations on one hand and the financial crisis on the other，governments everywhere are looking for ways to slow the growth in health-care spending.
　　详解 推理判断题。由定位句可知，各国政府一方面面临老龄化人群的健康需求，另一方面受到金融危机的影响，所以都在寻求减少医疗保健开支的途径，B)符合题意。第一段第二句提到they are looking to the genetic-drugs industry as a savior，但是普通药物只是各国政府减少开支的一个方法，并不是他们这么做的原因，故排除A);C)的说法在文中没有提及;本段最后一句提到That greed…costs taxpayers nearly C $1 billion a year.这里是说药店的贪心导致纳税人受损，并不是说保健花费的问题，故排除D)。
　　57.D)。定位 由题干中的the report issued by the European Commission定位到文章第二段第一句：Then on November 28th the European Commission issued the preliminary results...
　　详解 事实细节题。定位句提到，11月28日欧洲委员会发布的一个初步调查报告，下文开始对该报告进行描述，由第二段最后一句Neelie Kroes，the EU's competition commissioner，says she is ready to take legal action if the evidence allows.可推断如果证据充足，委员们会采取行动，D)符合题意。第二段第二句提到the drugs firms use a variety of unfair strategies to protect their expensive drugs by delaying the entry of cheaper generic opponents，可见药物公司使用了不公平的竞争手段，推迟普通药物的上市，故排除A)、B);该句前半句提到The report reached a damning，though provisional，conclusion…，可见该报告的结论只是暂时的，并不是最终结论(ultimate conclusion)，故排除C)。
　　58.B)。定位 由题干中的The investigators seriously condemned the drug firms定位到文章第三段第一句：0ne strategy the investigators criticize is the use of the patent cluster(专利群)”。
　　详解 推理判断题。由定位句可知，调查员们严厉谴责药品公司是因为其利用“专利群”这一策略，即为一个产品申请多项专利，B)符合题意。A)的表述在文中并未提及，故排除;最后一段最后一句虽然提到bribing opponents to delay the launch of cheap genetics，但是作者没有说这是研究者们强烈谴责的方法，故排除C);第一段倒数第二句提到Canada’s competition watchdog criticized the country’s pharmacies for failing to pass on the savings。可见这里受到谴责的是加拿大的药店，不是所有药品公司，故排除D)。
　　59.A)。定位 根据题干中的on average，the genetics will be delayed定位到文章第四段第二句：0n average，the report estimates，genetics arrived seven months after a patented drug lost its protection，though where the drug Was a big seller the lag Was four months.
　　详解 事实细节题。由定位句可知，平均来说，普通药物要等专利药物的专利保护失效7个月后才能上市，A)符合题意。B)、D)中的数字文中没有提及;文中提到了four months，但指的是畅销药品被推迟的时间，而不是平均的，故排除C)。
　　60.D)。定位 根据题干中的author's view定位到文章最后一段第二句：Though many of the charges of bad behavior leveled at the patented—drugs industry by EU investigators may well be true，the report seems to let the generics industry off the hook(钩子)too lightly.
　　详解 观点态度题。由定位句可知，作者认为欧盟调查员们对专利药物行业的控诉是正确的，但不应让普通制药行业太轻易地逃脱责任，因为它们有可能接受了专利药物行业的贿赂，因此作者认为普通药物行业同样需对此承担责任，D)符合题意。由定位句可知，作者同意调查员们对专利药物行业的看法，A)中的anything but true的说法太绝对，故排除;作者认为普通药物行业也应该承担责任，可见它并不完全是个受害者，也不应该仅仅谴责制药大亨，故排除B)、C)。