2014年12月英语四级考试：翻译题每日必练
请将下面这段话翻译成英文： 在中国，笔、墨、纸、砚(ink slab)，就是人们所说的“文房四宝”，在中华文明的传承中起了重要作用。文房四宝不仅有实用价值，它们本身也是供人观赏的艺术品，并逐步成为收藏品。文房四宝品类繁多，丰富多彩，选材制作不断趋于完善、精美，历代都有名品、名匠产生，成为一种深厚的文化积淀。在当今时代，使用笔、墨、纸、砚进行学习、写作的人越来越少了，但是，在中国的书法、绘画、收藏以及修身养性活动中，它们仍起着不可替代的作用。 参考译文： In China, “four treasures of the study” refers to “writing brush”, “ink stick”, “paper” and “ink slab”, playing an important role in passing on Chinese civilization. They not only have their value of practical use, but also become the works of art for appreciation and collection. There is a large variety of these four treasures. Selecting of materials and making process have become increasingly delicate and perfect. Each dynasty of Chinese history saw famous craftsmen appear and works produced, which is a profound process of cultural accumulation.In contemporary times, “four treasures of the study” have been increasingly rarely used for study or writhing, but they are still playing an irreplaceable role in the field of Chinese calligraphy, painting, collection and in the activities of cultivating one's mind.请将下面这段话翻译成英文： 在传统的中国家庭文化中，同一祖先的几代后裔(descendants) 居住在一起，形成一个大家庭。这种自治(autonomous)家族制度是 中国传统社会的基本单位。中国的孩子们跟随他们父亲的姓。这和 西方文化是一样的。如今在中国，孩子跟父亲的姓或母亲的姓在法 律上都是合法的。除了那些因为结婚加入到家庭中的人以外，人们 的姓氏都是一样的。 参考翻译： In traditional Chinese family culture, descendants of several generations from the same ancestor lived together and formed a big fam¬ily system. This kind of autonomous family system was the basic unit of traditional Chinese society. Chinese children follow their father’s fam¬ily name. This is the same as western culture. Nowadays in China it is legally fine for a child to follow either father’s family name or mother’s family name. Within each family system, of course people except those who joined this family system through marriage all have the same family name.
中国贸易 对于世界上很多国家来说，中国正迅速成为他们最重要的双边 (bilateral)贸易伙伴。然而，中国和世界其他国家之间贸易不平衡的 问题已经引发了关注。尤其是美国对中国的贸易赤字是最大的，达 到了 3150亿美元，这个数字是十年前的三倍还多。贸易纠纷(trade dispute)也越来越多，主要是关于倾销(dumping)、知识产权和人民 币的估价。 【参考译文】 For many countries around the world, China is rapidly becoming their most important bilateral trade partner. However，there have been concerns over large trade imbalances between China and the rest of the world. The US in particular has the largest trade deficit in the world with China at $315 billion, more than three times what it was a decade ago. There have also been a growing number of trade disputes brought against, mainly for dumping, intellectual property and the valuation of the yuan.
中国烹饪(Chinese cuisine)文化是中国文化中有关烹饪和休闲的重要组成部分。中国悠久的历史、广袤的疆土、好客的习俗孕育了这一独特艺术。中餐以其“色、香、味、形”俱全而著称。它讲究原料的选配、食物的质地、佐料(seasonings)的调制、切菜的刀功、适时的烹调以及装盘艺术。最负盛名的菜系有南方粤菜、北方鲁菜、东部淮扬菜和西部川菜，以“南淡北咸，东甜西辣”见称。 句1：中国烹饪(Chinese cuisine)文化是中国文化中有关烹饪和休闲的重要组成部分。 思路点拨：“…是…”结构的句子可以翻译成使用be动词的主系表结构本句中虽然给出的时“有关…”，但仔细揣摩其意思应该是“在…方面”，故译为in the aspect of. Chinese cuisine culture is an important part of Chinese culture in the aspect of cooking and leisure. 句2：中国悠久的历史、广袤的疆土、好客的习俗孕育了这一独特艺术。 思路点拨：本句的主语是三个并列的偏正短语，如果按照原有的语序翻译成英文。则主语太长，不符合英语的表达习惯。因此，本句翻译时应该将主语和宾语互换，同时将“孕育了”意译为owe…to…(将…归因于，将…归功于)，三个并列的短语作介词to的宾语。 This unique art owes itself to the long history, vast territory and hospitable tradition of China. 句3：中餐以其“色、香、味、形”俱全而著称。 思路点拨：本句中“以…而著称”用be famous for来表示;“形”不是“形状”，而是“外观”，应译为appearance; “俱全”译为perfect combination of. Chinese food is famous for its perfect combination of “color, aroma, taste and appearance”. 句4：它讲究原料的选配、食物的质地、佐料(seasonings)的调制、切菜的刀功、适时的烹调以及装盘艺术。 思路点拨：本句中“讲究”即是“注重”，故译为gives emphasis to; “质地”不是“质量”，不可译为quality, 应译为texture. “佐料的调制”、“切菜的刀功”、“适时的烹调”和“装盘艺术”依次译为the blending of seasonings、slicing techniques、the perfect timing of cooking和the art of laying out the food on the plate. It gives emphasis to the selection of raw materials, the texture of food, the blending of seasonings, slicing techniques, the perfect timing of cooking and the art of laying out the food on the plate. 句5：最负盛名的菜系有南方粤菜、北方鲁菜、东部淮扬菜和西部川菜，以“南淡北咸，东甜西辣”见称。 思路点拨：本句可用介词Among置于句首的倒装句型，表示众多最负盛名的菜系“有…”;后半句是对前半句内容的补充说明，可以用过去分词短语noted as…(以…著称)这种非谓语动词来取消句子的独立性，同时也增 加了句子的节奏感。“菜系”即是“派别”，用school较为合适，不可以译为其他词汇。原文中虽没有“味道”二字，但稍微注意一下便可得知“南淡北咸，东甜西辣”说的就是“味道”，所以翻译时应把“味道”(flavor)翻 译出来。 Among the best-known schools of cuisine are the Cantonese cuisine of the south, the Shandong cuisine of the north, the Huai-Yang cuisine of the east and the Sichuan cuisine of the west, noted as “the light flavor of the south, the salty flavor of the north, the sweet flavor of the east and the spicy-hot flavor of the west”.
请将下面这段话翻译成英文： 根据家庭习惯不同，生日可以有多种庆祝方式。当今大多数中国人都庆祝阳历(the solar calendar)生日，但是有些人，尤其是老一辈人，仍按阴历(the lunar calendar)来庆祝生日。六十岁生日的庆祝仪式是最隆重的。在这样的庆祝仪式上，人们通常会送给老人象征长寿(longevity)的礼物，比如带有岁月印记的微型长寿树。在这次特别的庆祝之后，每十年会再庆祝一次生日。老人的成年子女通过为父母过寿来表达对他们深深的敬意和感激。 参考答案: Depending on the family habits，birthdays can becelebrated in a variety of ways. Most Chinese thesedays celebrate the birthday on the Westerncalendar, but some，especially the oldergeneration，still mark their birthdays based on thelunar calendar.The grandest birthday celebration is in the sixtieth year. It is not uncommon atthis celebration to give symbols of longevity，like miniature old trees showing the strengthbuilt over the passage of time. After this special celebration，a birthday celebration is held everyten years. It is the grown children of the elderly who celebrate their parents'birthdays to showdeep respect and gratitude for them. 翻译讲解 1.根据家庭习惯不同，生日可以有多种庆祝方式:“根据”可译为depend on或according to。“有多种方式”可译为 in avariety of ways,其中 a variety of 意为 “很多，各种各样”。 2.在这次特别的庆祝之后，每十年会再庆祝一次生日:“每十年”可译为every ten years。“every+时间段”表示频率，这是英语中常见的表达方式。如:every two days (每两天)。 3.老人的成年子女通过为父母过寿来表达对他们深深的敬意和感激:“表达对他们深深的敬意和感激”可译为show deep respect and gratitude for them。“表达”可用show或express。“为父母过寿”是个具有中国特色的表达，实际就是 “过生日”的另外一种说法，故可译为celebrate their parents'birthdays。
请将下面这段话翻译成英文： 中国特色社会主义社会是一个变革的社会，是一个开放的社会，是一个不断发展和完善的社会。改革开放觉得中国命运的重大决策，要贯穿社会主义发展的过程。只有坚持改革开放，才能不断激发亿万人民的积极性和创造性，解放和发展生产力，永葆社会主义的生机与活力。 参考译文： The socialism society with Chinese characteristics is a society of reforming,a society of opening-up,a society of continuously developing and improving.The policy of reform and opening-up is a significant decision which determines China's destiny and will be running through the whole process of the socialism development.Only if we adhere to the reform and opening-up policy,can we continuously stimulate the zest and creativity of billions of people,emancipate and develop the productive and keep the vigor and vitality of socialism for good.
筷子(chopsticks)是最能反映中国饮食文化特色和传统的重要象征之一。筷子有着悠久的历史，有关筷子的记载可以追溯到3000多年以前。无论到何时何地，中国人吃饭都很难离开筷子。此外，筷子还可以作为礼仪(etiquette)、馈赠、寄情、收藏的特殊工艺品和礼品。如今，筷子已经出现在全世界很多国家的餐桌上，西方还流行起了“为了您的健康，请您拿起筷子来”的时潮。 句1：筷子(chopsticks)是最能反映中国饮食文化特色和传统的重要象征之一。 思路点拨：本句的句子主干为“筷子是…之一”，译为chopsticks are one of…; “最能反映中国饮食文化特色和传统”可处理成定语从句，来修饰“重要象征”，译为that can most reflect the characteristics and traditions of Chinese food culture。“象征”译为symbol. 译：Chopsticks are one of the important symbols that can most reflect the characteristics and traditions of Chinese food culture. 句2：筷子有着悠久的历史，有关筷子的记载可以追溯到3000多年以前。 思路点拨：本句可处理成and连接的并列句。句中“悠久的”可用long来表达;“有关…的记载”译为the records of…; “追溯到”译为be traced back to。 Chopsticks have a long history and the records of them can be traced back to more than 3000 years ago. 句3：无论到何时何地，中国人吃饭都很难离开筷子。 思路点拨：本句中“无论到何时何地”可处理成状 语;后面部分可用句型“it is +形容词+for sb. to do sth.”。“离开筷子”即“没有筷子”，可译为without chopsticks. Wherever and whenever, it is hard for Chinese people to have meals without chopsticks. 句4：此外，筷子还可以作为礼仪(etiquette)、馈赠、寄情、收藏的特殊工艺品和礼品。 思路点拨：本句中 “…可以作为…”可处理成…can be used as…的形式。“此外”可以译为in addition; “馈赠”可译为gifting;“寄情”即“表达情感”，可译为expressing feelings。 In addition, chopsticks can also be used as special handicrafts and presents for etiquette, gifting, expressing feelings and collection. 难点注释： 句1：白色污染指的是塑料污染(plastic pollution)。 “指的是”可译为refer to. White pollution refers to plastic pollution. 句2：不可回收的(unrecyclable)塑料午餐盒沿途到处都是。 Unrecyclable plastic lunch boxes are all along roads. 句3：塑料购物袋在空中飞扬。 “在空中飞扬”可译为dance in the wind. Plastic shopping bags dance in the wind. 句4：如果我们继续使用这些会发生什么呢? If we continue using them, what would happen? 句5：有一天，它们会将我们埋葬在白色垃圾堆中。 “会将我们埋葬在白色垃圾堆中”可译为might bury us in an ocean of white rubbish. One day they might bury us in an ocean of white rubbish. 句6：那时的地球—我们共同的家园将成为一个垃圾桶(dustbin)。 Then the earth, our common homeland, would be a dustbin. 句7：为防止这个噩梦成为现实，政府间应该互相紧密合作并将口头承诺付诸实际行动。 “为防止这个噩梦成为现实”译为目的状语：To prevent this nightmare from coming true; “互相紧 密合作”译为work closely with each other; “将口头 承诺付诸实际行动”译为back up their verbal commitment by actions. 译：To prevent this nightmare from coming true, governments need to work closely with each other and back up their verbal commitment by actions.
茶文化是中国传统文化的重要组成部分，有着悠久的历史。一代代的种植者和生产者使中国制茶工艺变得日臻完善。茶和中国文化有着极其紧密的联系。茶研究涉及的范围很广，有着丰富的内容。中国茶可以分为五类。每一种都有不同于其他种类的味道和外观。绿茶是办公室职员的最佳选择，它有助于防止电脑辐射 (computer radiation)，补充人体水分(moisture content)。 参考答案： With a long history, tea culture is an important partof Chinese traditional culture. Generations ofgrowers and producers have perfected the Chineseway of manufacturing tea. Tea has an extremelyclose relationship with Chinese culture. The study oftea covers a wide field and has a very rich content. Chinese tea can be classified into fivecategories. Each kind is different from others in flavor and appearance. Green tea is the bestoption for office workers since it can help prevent computer radiation and supplementmoisture content of the human body.
中国通过了第一部物权法，下令对北京的几百座四合院进行保护。然而，批评家们指出，所谓“保存”常常只是拆掉老房子，然后依照传统样式盖一座新的来代替。马岩松曾经说过：“现在的做法就是在假造古董，这不好。胡同吸引了很多旅游者，但这里贫困的老住户要么就像主题公园里的演员，要么就被踢出去，以便富人们可以购买这些房子。老北京的精神正在消亡。” 重点词汇： 物权法 property law 四合院 courtyard 拆掉 knock down 代替 replace 假古董 fake antique 胡同 hutong 主题公园 theme park 踢出去 kick out 消亡 die away 参考答案： China has passed the first property law, ordering to protect Beijing’s hundreds of courtyards. But critics say, so-called “conservation” just means knocking down an old building and replacing it with a structure in a traditional style. For this,Ma Yansong’s opinion is “The way is just to build fake antiques, it is not nice. These hutongs attract many tourists. The poor,old residents are either like actors in a theme park or they are kicked out so that the rich can buy these houses. The spirits of oldBeijing are now dying away.”
蒙古族牧民(herdsmen)的生活方式很有特色。牧民们喜欢吃牛羊肉和奶制品 (dairyproduct)，喜欢喝红茶和砖茶(bricktea)。他们大多住在圆形的蒙古包(ger) 里。蒙古包顶上开有天窗，用来通风(ventilation)和采光。蒙古族是一个能骑善射、能歌善舞的民族。每年七、八月举行的“那达慕”大会 (Nadama Fair)，是蒙古族人民一年一度的盛大节日，大会上有赛马、摔跤、射箭(archery)比赛和精彩的歌舞表演。 参考答案： The Mongolian herdsmen's life style hasdistinguishing features. The herdsmen like eating redmeat and dairy products，and drinking black tea andbrick tea. Most of them live in circular gers withwindows on the top, used for ventilation andlighting. The Mongolians are a group talented in riding and shooting，and singing and dancing.The Nadama Fair, which is held in July and August every year，is the Mongolian people's annualgrand festival.There would be horse racing，wrestling，archery race and excellent musical anddance performances on the festival.
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