2014年6月英语六级考试XDF考前最终押题卷
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Part II Reading Comprehension (35minutes)
Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage isfollowed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there arefour choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice andmark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line throughthe center.Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable toanxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too.In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist (免疫学家)Mark Laudenslager, at the university of Denver, gave mild electricshocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning awheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not. The rats in the twogroups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected bothitself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that theimmune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not inthose that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, hebelieves, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, iswhat weakens the immune system.
Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at DukeUniversity School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed tocontrol unpleasant stimuli don’t develop sleepdisturbances or change in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if theanimals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they laterbehave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findingsreinforce psychologists’ suspicions that the experienceor perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.
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